马上就要考试了,让大家背的2300个核心词汇记得怎么样了?当然,如果在考场上忘了也要有对策:生词如果不影响做题就直接跳过,如果影响做题的话就教大家下面几种方法去推测!大家赶快都来过一遍!
1.词根词缀
用词根、前缀、后缀推断生词的含义、词性或情感方向。
倘若你在完型中遇到这两道题:
①anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime...Can privacy be preserved while bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasinglylawless ?(-less是否定后缀,表示没有什么什么的,此处表示没有法律的、无法无天的,与上文的crime对应)
②Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.(downsides是合成词,down表示负面方向,sides是方面,因此该词的意思是不利方面。)
下面给大家整理最常用的一些词根、后缀及前缀:
属性 | 特征 | 含义 | 举例 |
词根 | flect, flex | 弹性 | reflect/flexible 反映、回想/柔软的、灵活的 |
part | 部分 | party/participate 派对、党派/参加 | |
pict | 画 | depict/picture 描述/图片 | |
scribe | 写 | describe/subscribe 描述/订阅 | |
sequent | 顺序 | subsequent/consequence 随之而来的/结果 | |
graph | 图画 | photograph/telegraph 照片/电报 | |
pose | 摆放 | expose/compose/impose 暴露、使接触/组成/施加 | |
struct | 结构 | construct/infrastructure 建造/基础设施 | |
rupt | 断裂 | disrupt/interrupt/bankrupt/erupt 破坏/中断/破产/喷发 |
属性 | 特征 | 含义 | 举例 |
后缀 | -ee | 人的职业(被动) | employee/trainee 雇员/培训生 |
-er/or/ist | 人的职业(主动) | employer//instructor/specialist 雇主/导师/专家 | |
-ment/ion/ness/ance | 名词 | encouragement/adaptation/ willingness/importance 鼓励/适应/意愿/重要性 | |
-ous/al/ble/ful | 形容词 | anxious/critical/ responsible/grateful 焦虑的/批判的/ 负责的/感恩的 | |
-ly | 副词 | fortunately/undoubtedly 幸运地/毋庸置疑地 |
属性 | 特征 | 含义 | 举例 |
前缀 | pre- | 之前 | preview/precondition 预习/先决条件 |
post- | 之后 | post-postwar/postgraduate 战后/研究生 | |
im/in- | 向内 | import/invasion 进口/侵略 | |
out- | 向外 | outside/outbreak 外部的/爆发 | |
super- | 上 | supermarket/superficial 超市/肤浅的 | |
re- | 再次 | review/reunion 回顾/重聚 |
2.根据逻辑连接词推测
比如在阅读中遇到这道题:
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, as well as a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.
Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__C foster a child’s moral development.
(即使句中有许多生词,仅根据句中的逻辑联系词unlike、such as、and、as well as,我们可以得出:sadness、fear和anger同类都属于emotion,a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms和前文的later一致,即可整理出句子的结构:不像......guilt later,child’s moral norms也是)
逻辑关系 | 连接词 |
对立 | but / however / yet / nevertheless / nonetheless(然而,但是); Although / Though / while / despite / in spite of / even though / even if(尽管); instead / rather than / while / whereas / unlike / on the contrary / by contrast / 比较句(than)前后 |
并列 | and / also / similarly / likewise / meanwhile / as well as / either…or.../ neither…nor… |
因果 | because / for / as / since / duo to / owing to / in that / now that / as a result of(因为); so / thus / therefore / hence / as a result / lead to(所以) |
举例 | for example / for instance / such as |
递进 | not only...but(also)..., what's more, moreover, furthermore, more importantly, what's worse, worse still, besides, in addition 比较级 |
总结 | Overall, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, in conclusion, on the whole, in a word, in short, briefly, all in all |
3.根据上下文推测
比如翻译里的一句话:
“I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. ”
双引号表明这是一段自述,在描述一个具体的情景。
① 如果不认识anxiety,可先放,根据后文提到的“我没有钱,我需要工作”,表明这是一个负向词,那么可以尽量翻成“难过/不安/焦虑/有压力”等。
② 如果不认识stare 和 ceiling,可根据介词at表明在某物上、对着某物。根据前文,“我在半夜醒来”,可推断,只能对着天花板看。
4.根据介词推测
比如在完型中遇到这样的题:
Weighing every other week allows me to observe and _____ any significant weight changes. A approve of B hold onto C account for D depend on
(该题属于完型中的短语考察,即使不知道选项短语的意思,根据介词也可推出:of表示从属、.....的,onto表示在......上,for引导因果,on表示....之上。and表示前后并列,and前说明weighing 让我去observe,后文也一定表示weighing的作用,所以解释changes改变的原因,选C。)
5.机智飘过
在翻译里如果遇到一个必须翻译且无法根据上下文推断的题目,比如:
He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.
实在不知道astronaut的意思的时候,就这样翻使句子尽量通顺:他选了一个职业,但很快加了“科学家”到列表中并也选了它。